REPORTED SPEECH

SPEECH : 

DIRECT SPEECH / Kalimat Langsung
Ciri - Ciri :

1. Terdapat komma dan tanda petik
2. Didahului dengan introductory verbs (say, tell, explain etc)

INDIRECT SPEECH / Kalimat Tidak Langsung

Ciri - Ciri :

1. Tidak adanya komma dan tanda petik
2. Adanya perubahan tenses bila perlu
3. Adanya perubahan ketwerangan waktu bila perlu
4. Adanya kata perubahan that

Reporting Verb dalam waktu lampau (past tense)

Tense	Bentuk	MENJADI	Tense	bentuk
Simple present	V1		Simple past	V2
Present continuous	am/is/are +v-ing		Past continuous	Was/were+v-ing
Simple future	Shall/will+v1		Conditional	would+v1
Present perfect	Have/has +v3		Past perfect	Had +v3
Simple past	V2		Past perfect	Had + v3
Past continuous	Was/were +v-ing		Past perfect continuous	Had been + v-ing
Past perfect	Had +v3		Past perfect	Had + v3
conditional	Would + v1		Conditional perfect	Would have +v3

Perubahan Waktu

Direct speech	MENJADI	Indirect speech
now		Then
Today		That day
Yesterday		The day before
The day before yesterday		Two days before
Tomorrow the day after tomorrow		The next day
Next week		In two days time
Next year		The following week
Last week		The following year
Last week		The previous week
Last year		The previous year
A year ago		A  year before

Perubahan Yang Lain

Direct speech	MENJADI	Indirect speech
This		That
These		Those
Here		There